Code
01: MAJOR SUBJECT GROUP - PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY
Sub-Subjects:
1.1: Plant Biochemistry/ Bio. Chem.
1.2: Plant Biotechnology & Molecular Biology/Biotechnology,
1.3: Plant /Crop Physiology
UNIT-I:
Importance of agriculture in national economy; basic principles of
crop production; cultivation of rice, wheat, chickpea, pigeon-pea, sugarcane,
groundnut, tomato, and mango. Major soils of India;
role of NPK and their deficiency symptoms. General structure and function of cell
organelles; mitosis and meiosis; Mendelian genetics. Elementary
knowledge of growth, development, photosynthesis, respiration and transpiration;
Elements of economic botany. General
structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, enzymes and
vitamins. Major pests and diseases of rice, wheat, cotton, chickpea, sugarcane and their management. Organic
farming; bio-fertilizers; bio-pesticides. Recombinant DNA technology; transgenic crops. Important rural development programmes in
India; organizational set up of agricultural research, education and
extension in India. Elements of statistics.
UNIT-II:
Importance
of biochemistry in agriculture. Acid-base concept and buffers; pH.
Classification, structure and metabolic functions of carbohydrates,
lipids and proteins. Structure and function of
nucleic acids. Enzymes: structure,
nomenclature, mechanism of action; vitamins and minerals as coenzymes
and cofactors. Metabolic pathways: glycolysis, TCA cycle, fatty acid
oxidation, triglyceride biosynthesis. Electron transport chain; ATP formation. Photosynthesis: C-3, C-4
and CAM pathways. Nitrate assimilation; biological nitrogen fixation.
Colorimetric and chromatographic techniques
UNIT-III:
Characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms; differences
between fungi, bacteria, mycoplasms and viruses. Physical and chemical basis of
heredity; chromosome structure. DNA
replication, transcription and translation;
genetic code; operon concept. Genetic engineering; restriction enzymes;
vectors; gene cloning; gene transfer. Plant cell and tissue culture;
micro-propagation; somaclonal variation. Transformation; recombination;
Heterosis. General application of biotechnology.
Molecular and immunological techniques. Concept of bioinformatics, genomics and proteomics.
UNIT-IV:
Plant Physiology/ Crop Physiology:
Plant physiology– importance in agriculture. Seed germination, viability and vigour. Photosynthesis- significance of C-3, C-4 and CAM pathway; photorespiration and its implications. Translocation of assimilates; dry matter partitioning; Harvest index of crops. Growth and development; growth analysis; crop-water relationship. Plant nutrients and their functions. Phytohormones and their physiological role. Photo-periodism, vernalisation; pollination/ fertilization in flowering plants. Post-harvest physiology and its significance.
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